The Modernists constructed their works out of fragments, omitting the exposition, transitions, resolutions, and explanations used in traditional literature. The same types of words and phrases are used in presenting explanations and arguments. It is important to be aware when an explanation isnota justification. The writer of the novelThe Cather in the Ray also used another interjection such as Yeah? Those grammatical transformations maybe divided into following types: Substitution is one of the grammatical relations among the parts of the sentences. Some critics scolded the novel as being too pessimistic or obscene, too harsh for the society of the 1950's. While arguments attempt to show that something is, will be, or should be the case, explanations try to show why or how something is or will be. for a group? The incident involving the composition about Allie's baseball glove and the fight with Stradlater is intended to establish that Holden has a talent for writing--but only when he feels like writing and only when he can choose the topic. An important conclusion is that the law of compensation always functions in a translation, as also in the case of the discussed versions of Salingers novel. It was tried to give a detailed study of the features of translation difficulties. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. He is scared of the unknown and cannot handle things that are very complicated. Distinguishing between various meanings of a word of general vocabulary. Edward Sapir claims that `language is a guide to social reality' and that human beings are at the mercy of the language that has become the medium of expression for their society. On the one hand, despises his room mates and headmaster of Elton Hills prep school ,but does have a favorite teacher. Attempting to remedy this, Bethany K. Dumas and Jonathan Lighter argue that an expression should be considered "true slang" if it meets at least two of the following criteria: The third problem is the use of bilingual dictionaries. The third reason presenting lexical difficulties in translation the difference in combinability. "What did Holden decide to write about in Stradlater's composition in The Catcher in the Rye?" Furthermore, it should be point out major differences in the translation of Salingers use of colloquial and taboo language in the English and Romanian versions, the Romanian version was the farthest because of its abundant use of euphemisms and euphemistic formulations throughout the book. He followed Catcher with a short story collection, Nine Stories (1953), a collection of a novella and a short story, Franny and Zooey (1961), and a collection of two novellas, Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction (1963). CompletelyFlammable 2 yr. ago. Indeed, they force us to look for a set of somehow Romanian equivalent expressions or structures in order to capture all these elements in our own translation. He is a nonconformist. As his thoughts about the Museum of Natural History demonstrate, Holden fears change and is overwhelmed by complexity. He resents society as he does not seem to be part of it, and looks for sense of real place for him, where he could focus more on his phoniness. An idiom may be used in the source text in both its literal and idiomatic senses at the same time. The Modernists constructed their works out of fragments, omitting the exposition, transitions, resolutions, and explanations used in traditional literature., Many scientists investigated J. D. Salingers novel The Catcher in the Ray expressed their points of view such as: In 1961, the critic Alfred Kazin explained that Salinger's choice of teenagers as a subject matter was one reason for his appeal to young readers, but another was "a consciousness [among youths] that he speaks for them and virtually to them, in a language that is peculiarly honest and their own, with a vision of things that capture their most secret judgments of the world." And this features enables the translator to use his creativity in translation. In its broad meaning, the term impliestransmutationand can be illustrated by decoding some ideas and themes expressed, for example, in a poem through the language of music or dance. Other metaphors are occasionally constructed in individual speech. Salinger uses much of the Zen philosophy, as in the case of Nine Stories, to achieve this liberation. your own essay or use it as a source, but you need The mitt is representive of all these things. Holden's younger brother, Allie, had died of leukemia several years before, and Allie was one of the few people about whom Holden has nothing bad to say. A word is judged to be polysemous if it has two senses of the word whose meanings are related. Every translation activity has one or more specific purposes and whichever they may be, the main aim of translation is to serve as a cross-cultural bilingual communication vehicle among peoples. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. When Holden's roommate, Ward Stradlater, requested him to write his Englishcomposition for him, he didn't specify a subject. I went down by a different staircase, and I saw another Fuck you on the wall. These two criterias identify the needs for a good knowledges in English in some of its branches of science. can i write about composition?? burlesque examples in catcher in the rye - nautilusva.com Central Idea Essay: What Does the Title Mean? Colloquialism is a lexical item used in informal speech; whilst the broadest sense of the term colloquialism might include slangism, its narrow sense does not. In the book there are many examples of the theme of the painfulness of growing up in the book. The Importance Of Stradlater'S Composition In The Catcher In - Phdessay In literature and writing, a stylistic device is the use of any of a variety of techniques to give an auxiliary meaning, idea, or feeling to the literal or written. >American Literature books summary The mitt is representative of a "loss of innocence". Holden is angry at his family for coping with Allie's death, he is angry at the world for continuing when his little brother died. The modern world's general moral change and the individual's alienation from the society serve. How Does Carl Change In A Bridge To Wiseman - 623 Words | Bartleby He also tends to be emotionally distant and uncommunicative. It is not the specific items an expression contains but rather the meaning it conveys and its association with culture-specific contexts which can make it untranslatable or difficult to translate. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. cite it. There are two cases in which an idiom can be easily misinterpreted if one is not already familiar with it: Apart from being alert to the way speakers and writers manipulate certain features of idioms and to the possible confusion which could arise from similarities in form between source and target expressions, a translator must also consider the collocational environment which surrounds any expression whose meaning is not readily accessible. I didnt mind the idea so much, but I didnt feel like being lectured (J.D.Salinger:14)through this stylistic device the author wanted to point out to the reader that Holden wasnt a boy who like to read a lot of and showed the he didnt like to study. Holden's loneliness, a more concrete manifestation of his alienation problem, is a driving force throughout the book. "Rather than writing a description of a room or a house, Holden writes a description of his younger brother Allies baseball glove. 125, No. There are two major types of epithets which are; From the point of view of their compositional structure epithets may be divided into: There are another two important types of epithets used in Salingers novel: Inverted epithetis a word syntactically functioning as a headword, but semantically serving as a modifier to a dependent noun. In this case, the provided solutions are not the explanation of the sense of phraseologisms that, in the compilers intentions, should serve to translate them into the other language. similarities between behaviorism and social cognitive theory; . In conclusion, Salingers characters feel that society is hard and they have to go away. support@phdessay.com. The state of one's endowment. . assignments. They are trite and typical for many users, and fixed by the dictionary, as mostly idioms. In the conclusion can be sad that the Romanian version achieved its aim; that of creating a contemporary and updated translation, especially in terms of language and language use. This is not possible. If originally published today, the novel would probably create little publicity and garner only average book sales. The more Holden focuses on his dead brother, the more alone he feels. Subscribe now. The museum presents him with a vision of life he can understand: it is frozen, silent, and always the same. During a great period of searching it was identified three types of translation difficulty: In his article `On Linguistic Aspects of Translation', Jacobson distinguished three types of translation: But Dagut's distinction between `translation' and `reproduction', like Catford's distinction between `literal' and `free' translation does not take into account the view that sees translation as semiotic change. [5:p.66-67]. We must think that the authors language was revolutionary, new and controversial at the time his first stories were published. In 1961, the critic Alfred Kazin explained that Salinger's choice of teenagers as a subject matter was one reason for his appeal to young readers, but another was "a consciousness among youths that he speaks for them and virtually to them, in a language that is peculiarly honest and their own, with a vision of things that capture their most secret judgments of the world." He worshipped the memory of Allie,and he kept Allie's left-handed mitt in his suitcase. The Catcher in the Rye Chapters 5 & 6 Summary & Analysis | SparkNotes Holden is scared of growing up, and also scared of the unknown. When Holden is writing a composition about a baseball glove for Stradlater, he reminisces about his little brother, Allie, who dies because of his sickness in which was leukemia. He fought in war. The first point that would be discussed in this thesis is Lexical peculiarities which are one of the main characteristic of the defining the main features of the text. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! This is achieved, as in case with other devices, by awakening the dichotomy of thought and feeling where thought takes the upper hand though not to the detriment of feeling. The second chapter contains practical information from the book written by the writer that represent this period J. D. Salinger with his best-known novel The Catcher in the Rye. In other words, in ellipsis an item is replaced by nothing. Catcher Ch 3-5 questions Flashcards | Quizlet Salinger's language, especially his energetic, realistically sparse dialogue, was revolutionary at the time his first stories were published, and was seen by several critics as "the most distinguishing thing" about his work, During the investigation of this paper was identifying that J. D. Salingers style was marked by different themes, techniques that were used for achieving a good work such as J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Ray., After researching this paper it was established that: Lexical peculiarities - are the stylistic devices used by the author in his work. The Romanian translation is obviously courageous in the choice of words, modem in the choice of vocabulary and linguistic register. Beyond the notion stressed by the narrowly linguistic approach, that translation involves the transfer of `meaning' contained in one set of language signs through competent use of the dictionary and grammar, the process involves a whole set of extra-linguistic criteria also. "The Catcher in the Rye" is supposedly being written in the first person by a sixteen-year-old boy. Holden hates it when people like Stradlater try to pretend the only reason they're bad at English essays is commas, when really they're just not good at, you know, English. In Modernism the object is; the language doesn't mean it is. When he finally gets around to writing Stradlater's composition, he only. It is probably significant that Holden sells his typewriter to Frederick Woodruff before leaving Pencey. What did Holden write a composition about? Jargon, like many examples of slang, may be used to exclude nongroup members from the conversation, but in general has the function of allowing its users to talk precisely about technical issues in a given field. How does holden feel about phony people do you share - Course Hero Through his lying and deception, Holden proves that he is just as guilty of phoniness as the people he criticizes. In this chapter it would be tried to focus on drawing a link between some general translation theories and the analysis of Romanian versions of Salingers novel, considering the general overview in this chapter a link or a starting point for the case study in the last chapter. ), and "cultural untranslatability," (idioms, sayings, proverbs, jokes, puns, etc.). This is why you remain in the best website to see the incredible book to have. So they gave up looking.. He always mentions when hes wearing it and he often doesnt wear it if he is going to be around people he associates with. Learn which of the following circumstances usually comes before a period of economic contraction? Experience, he asserts, is largely determined by the language habits of the community, and each separate structure represents a separate reality: No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. Of the writers in Salinger's generation, Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist John Updike attested that "the short stories of J. D. Salinger really opened my eyes as to how you can weave fiction out of a set of events that seem almost unconnected, or very lightly connected. Yates describes Salinger as "a man who used language as if it were pure energy beautifully controlled, and who knew exactly what he was doing in every silence as well as in every word." One might think that if the distinction can be made, people are home free and the computer can produce an acceptable translation. Type your requirements and I'll connect The author of this work is a writer that succeeded to combine all elements that represent this period in his work. There are many thorns that can mortify us during the translation process, whatever the nature of the text we face, and translators should be aware of them. J. D. Salinger used a lot of stylistic device which made the content of the novel more exiting. Holden likes his writing and talks about how he likes his writing and he supports him. 2009, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/when-holden-writes-composition-for-stradlater-in-73535. Afterward, he smokes a cigarette in the room . and visits me practically every week-end. Slang should be distinguished from jargon, which is the technical vocabulary of a particular profession. In the end, The Catcher in the Rye will continue to be a point of great public and critical debate. An idiom or fixed expression may have a similar counterpart in the target language, but its context of use may be different; the two expressions may have different connotations, for instance, or they may not be pragmatically transferable. In fact his main goal is to resist maturing. Nevertheless the translators have tried to compensate this loss through distinctive methods. The interaction of different types of lexical meaning: J. D. Salingers The Cather in the Ray is full of stylistic device that made authors style more clear and sometimes more interesting. Pinned, Holden continues to insult Stradlater, accusing him of thinking he can have sex with anyone he wants. As there are no equivalent expressions in the target language, the nuances of this kind taken from the whole novel are lost in Romanian translation. The difficulties while translating are connected most of all with conveyance of national character of one or another work: the brighter it reflects national life the more illuminate characteristic situations the more difficult for the translator to find adequate functional figurative means. Michael Cart, "Famous Firsts. Holden never comments on the hats significance other than to mention its unusual appearance. The topic of the composition is to describe a room or a house; however, describing something meaningful only leads to . You can view our. In The Catcher in the Rye Holdens main purpose was to be free from the suffering. The hat represents distance from society and insecurity. Since The Catcher in the Rye was written in the 1940s, many of the slangy expressions in it are probably nowadays considered old fashioned and not used anymore. She was the daughter of his mother's best friend. Essay. Allie is a special person to Holden because of his intelligence and kindness, When Holden accepted the favor of writing Stradlater's composition, Holden has also accepted an obstacle in his time during his stay in Pencey Prep. In the book there are many cases of Holden Caulfield trying to resist growing. Question 3 60 seconds Q. Hes going to drive me home when I go home next month maybe. I'd just be the catcher in the rye and all. Latest answer posted April 29, 2021 at 3:04:20 PM. The writings of the Salinger become very important for this time period, because he goes against the grain of society to show how it is wrong. The reader wants to know not only what happened but how it all ended and what it all meant. As he watches Phoebe sleep, Holden projects his own idealizations of childhood onto her. Stradlater insists, however, that Holden not write it too well, for the teacher knows that Holden is a hot-shot in English. From History to Procedures, Zainurrahman 2009; Breit, Harvey. can use them for free to gain inspiration and new creative ideas for their writing Some of the major conclusions, differences or main observations between English and Romanian versions could be summarized as follows: The Romanian version uses more diverse ways of rendering Holdens speech habits or linguistic repetitions. J. D. Salinger used a lot of epithets in his work The Cather in the Ray in order to present a good characteristic of the characters which are in the work and of the objects that he used in his work the epithets were used for pointing out to the reader some of the properties or features of the characters and of the objects with the aim of giving an individual perception and evaluation of these features or properties. Another interjection that was used by the writer is Hell, no! (J. D. Salinger:45)that was used in order to point out to the reader Holdens surprise and for showing that Holden was a boy that used in his vocabulary not well words for a boy who was a junior in the school. Furthermore, it should be point out major differences in the translation of Salingers use of colloquial and taboo language in the English and Romanian versions, the Romanian version was the farthest because of its abundant use of euphemisms and euphemistic formulations throughout the book. I mean not wait till Wednesday or anything. In The Catcher in the Rye, what does Holden mean when he says, "Don't ever tell anybody anything. 10 minutes with: The Importance of Stradlater's Composition in the Catcher in the Rye, Explore how the human body functions as one unit in harmony in order to life //= $post_title To present the main features of the Modernist Period; To point out all the aspects that influenced the writer J. D. Salinger to write the prominent work The Catcher in the Rye. These words express scientific and social-politic notions. Throughout the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger obtain numerous symbols that persist in the book. In the novel Holden says I put my red hunting hat on, and turned the peak around to the back, the way I liked it, and then I yelled at the top of my god dam voice, "Sleep tight, ya morons! " Salingers works were generally written during two time periods. This is the first time we learn who the true Holden Caulfield is and therefore is the most illuminating moment in The Catcher In the Rye. From this type of the translation difficulties used in this novel point out one of the main feature of authors style which is that the message of the novel could be better reproduse and easily understand by the reader. . Holden also has a tendency to use the undefined second-person pronoun, "you." The main difficulties involved in translating idioms and fixed expressions may be summarized as follows: Like single words, idioms and fixed expressions may be culture-specific. Intralinguistic translation, or rewording means interpreting verbal signs through other signs of the same language. Holden decides to write about his dead brother's baseball glove because he is deeply depressed about his death and has not come to terms with his grief over the loss of his brother. It should be mentioned that word combinability is possible if words point to similar objects they denote. Stradlater had said the composition was supposed to be a simple description of a room, a house, or something similarly straightforward. (Chapter 12, pg. As suggested by Kussmaul (1995), it is a good practice to classify the kinds of errors/difficulties. The symbol of isolation lies in the hat that Holden wears while he is writing. Holden finally gets him to leave by beginning to work on the English assignment for Stradlater. The place or state of punishment of the wicked after death; the abode of evil and condemned spirits; Used as an intensifier to express surprise, anger, impatience, etc. While the young protagonists of Salinger's stories (such as Holden Caulfield) have made him a longtime favorite of high school and university audiences, establishing Salinger as "the spokesman for the goals and values for a generation of youth during the 1950's" (qtd. An important lexical pecularity single out in Salingers writing is the metaphor and in the same time which is one of the main stylistic device used in The Catcher in the Rye. Question: Why Does Holden Attack Stradlater - Livelaptopspec Literary translators can also use the interpretation of other critics, the options of other native speakers of both the SL and the TL, and the help of numerous dictionaries (but this type of support is limited in ideas). Simile is a more cautious form of metaphor. . So we take on the following tasks: It would be necessary to transfer the original American jargon into target language expressions. There is another problem while translating the English text into Romanian. Salinger's portrayal of Holden, which includes incidents of depression, nervous breakdown, impulsive spending, sexual exploration, vulgarity, and other erratic behavior, have all attributed to the controversial nature of the novel. I'll bet I woke up every bastard on the whole floor. They argued that Salinger's concerns represented an entire generation of American youth, frustrated by the phoniness of the world, just like Holden was. What is their relationship? It occurs in Chapter 22, after Holden has slipped quietly back into his apartment and is speaking with Phoebe. Holden tears the composition up and throws it away angrily. He reads Holden's composition and becomes visibly annoyed, asserting that it has nothing to do with the assignment and that it's no wonder Holden is being expelled. To show the definition of the translation difficulties and to identify the types that could exist; To describe the main features of J. D. Salingers work The Catcher in the Rye; To make a clear deffinition of the lexical peculiarities and to point the types of this peculiarities for identification of them in the Salinger's work The Catcher in the Rye; To analize Salinger's work and to identify the translation difficulties in The Catcher in the Rye.; To identify the main meaning of the words that were used by the author in the order to point out their function in the context; To point out the usage of the lexical peculiarities and translation difficulties in the analysed text; To investigate grammatical, lexical, stylistic and phraseological difficulties of translation in J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye. The Catcher in the Rye Chapters 3 & 4 Summary & Analysis - SparkNotes Separation of meanings and senses from the context, Despairing individual behaviors in the face of an unmanageable future, Objection of the traditional thoughts and the traditional moralities. The fact that this test again depends on speakers' judgments about relatedness, however, means that this test for polysemy is not infallible, but is rather merely a helpful conceptual aid. The examples for this type of translation difficulties could be seen from the first page of the novel where the author uses all the meanings of the word hell such as: This word is one of the first words that is used with a lot of meanings and that is one of the type of translation difficulties in The Catcher in the Rye. Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. He died on July 18, 1946 in Maine. He had been given an early acceptance to college and was starting the next semester.