. Then, in January of 1830, a senator from Connecticut introduced a proposal to the Senate stating that the federal government should stop surveying the lands west of the Mississippi River. . . The people read Webster's speech and marked him as the champion henceforth against all assaults upon the Constitution. Webster pursued his objective through a rhetorical strategy that ignored Benton, the principal opponent of New England sectionalism, and that provoked Hayne into an exposition and defense of what became the South Carolina doctrine of nullification. 1824 Presidential Election, Candidates & Significance | Who Won the Election of 1824? . The Curious Case of Evangelist Pat Robertson | Winter Watch I'm imagining that your answer is probably 'I do.' He had allowed himself but a single night from eve to morn to prepare for a critical and crowning occasion. For one, Hayne and Webster were arguing for the fate of the West and, in particular, whether the North or South would control western development. The heated speeches were unplanned and stemmed from the debate over a resolution by Connecticut Senator Samuel A. . The Webster-Hayne Debate | Hopkins Press The Confederation was, in strictness, a compact; the states, as states, were parties to it. 136 lessons Rather, the debate eloquently captured the ideas and ideals of Northern and Southern representatives of the time, highlighting and summarizing the major issues of governance of the era. . Noah grew a vineyard, got drunk on wine and lay naked. See what I mean? Now, have they given away that right, or agreed to limit or restrict it in any respect? . Robert Young Hayne spent more than two decades in elected offices, including mayor of Charleston, member of South Carolina's legislature, attorney general, and then governor of the state. The WebsterHayne debate was a debate in the United States between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina that took place on January 1927, 1830 on the topic of protectionist tariffs. Some of his historical deductions may be questioned; but far above all possible error on the part of her leaders, stood colonial and Revolutionary New England, and the sturdy, intelligent, and thriving people whose loyalty to the Union had never failed, and whose home, should ill befall the nation, would yet prove liberty's last shelter. An accomplished politician, Hayne was an eloquent orator who enthralled his audiences. In this moment in American history, the federal government had relatively little power. Shedding weak tears over sufferings which had existence only in their own sickly imaginations, these friends of humanity set themselves systematically to work to seduce the slaves of the South from their masters. Help if you can :) please and ty The people had had quite enough of that kind of government, under the Confederacy. Daniel Webster - Facts, Career & Legacy - HISTORY In whatever is within the proper sphere of the constitutional power of this government, we look upon the states as one. Speech to the U.S. House of Representatives. sir, this is but the old story. Hayne maintained that the states retained the authority to nullify federal law, Webster that federal law expressed the will of the American people and could not be nullified by a minority of the people in a state. . . What idea was espoused with the Webster-Hayne debates? An undefinable dread now went abroad that men were planning against the peace of the nation, that the Union was in danger; and citizens looked more closely after its safety and welfare. Between January and May 1830, twenty-one of the forty-eight senators delivered a staggering sixty-five speeches on the nature of the Union. I understand the honorable gentleman from South Carolina to maintain, that it is a right of the state legislatures to interfere, whenever, in their judgment, this government transcends its constitutional limits, and to arrest the operation of its laws. Webster replied to his speech the next day and left not a shred of the charge, baseless as it was. . Ham, one of Noahs sons, saw him uncovered, for which Noah cursed him by making Hams son, Canaan, a slave to Ham's brothers. The measures of the federal government have, it is true, prostrated her interests, and will soon involve the whole South in irretrievable ruin. Sir, there exists, moreover, a deep and settled conviction of the benefits, which result from a close connection of all the states, for purposes of mutual protection and defense. Beyond that I seek not to penetrate the veil. . An error occurred trying to load this video. It impressed on the soil itself, while it was yet a wilderness, an incapacity to bear up any other than free men. . . Can any man believe, sir, that, if twenty-three millions per annum was now levied by direct taxation, or by an apportionment of the same among the states, instead of being raised by an indirect tax, of the severe effect of which few are aware, that the waste and extravagance, the unauthorized imposition of duties, and appropriations of money for unconstitutional objects, would have been tolerated for a single year? Though the debate began as a standard policy debate, the significance of Daniel Webster's argument reached far beyond a single policy proposal. . I now proceed to show that it is perfectly safe, and will practically have no effect but to keep the federal government within the limits of the Constitution, and prevent those unwarrantable assumptions of power, which cannot fail to impair the rights of the states, and finally destroy the Union itself. Hayne argued that the sovereign and independent states had created the Union to promote their particular interests. Under the circumstances then existing, I look upon this original and seasonable provision, as a real good attained. A four-speech debate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Hayne of South Carolina, in January 1830. Webster-Hayne Debate by Stefan M. Brooks The Webster-Hayne debate was a series of unplanned speeches in the Senate between January 19th and 27th of 1830 between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. Expert Answers. Hayne, Robert Young | South Carolina Encyclopedia . Daniel webster, in a dramatic speech, showed the. . He must say to his followers [members of the state militia], defend yourselves with your bayonets; and this is warcivil war. We who come here, as agents and representatives of these narrow-minded and selfish men of New England, consider ourselves as bound to regard, with equal eye, the good of the whole, in whatever is within our power of legislation. More specifically, some of the issues facing Congress during this period included: Robert Y. Hayne served as Senator of South Carolina from 1823 to 1832. . The specific issue that sparked the Webster-Hayne debate was a proposal by the state of Connecticut which said that the federal government should halt its surveying of land west of the Mississippi and focus on selling the land it had already surveyed to private citizens. . Webster believed that the Constitution should be viewed as a binding document between the United States rather than an agreement between sovereign states. South Carolina nullification was now coming in sight, and a celebrated debate that belongs to the first session exposed its claims and its fallacies to the country. In coming to the consideration of the next great question, what ought to be the future policy of the government in relation to the public lands? This feeling, always carefully kept alive, and maintained at too intense a heat to admit discrimination or reflection, is a lever of great power in our political machine. It was a speech delivered before a crowded auditory, and loud were the Southern exultations that he was more than a match for Webster. The main issue of the Webster-Hayne Debate was the nature of the country that had been created by the Constitution. I am a Unionist, and in this sense a national Republican. President Andrew Jackson had just been elected, most of the states got rid of property requirements for voting, and an entire new era of democracy was being born. Hayne entered the U.S. Senate in 1823 and soon became prominent as a spokesman for the South and for the . Battle of Fort Sumter in the Civil War | Who Won the Battle of Fort Sumter? Webster-Hayne Debates, 1830 - Bill of Rights Institute This absurdity (for it seems no less) arises from a misconception as to the origin of this government and its true character. So they could finish selling the lands already surveyed. I admit that there is an ultimate violent remedy, above the Constitution, and in defiance of the Constitution, which may be resorted to, when a revolution is to be justified. Now that was a good debate! . It would be equally fatal to the sovereignty and independence of the states. The whole form and structure of the federal government, the opinions of the Framers of the Constitution, and the organization of the state governments, demonstrate that though the states have surrendered certain specific powers, they have not surrendered their sovereignty. . On the one side it is contended that the public land ought to be reserved as a permanent fund for revenue, and future distribution among the states, while, on the other, it is insisted that the whole of these lands of right belong to, and ought to be relinquished to, the states in which they lie. What was the main issue of the Webster-Hayne debate? It is the servant of four-and-twenty masters, of different wills and different purposes, and yet bound to obey all. Webster realized that if the social, political, and economic elite of Massachusetts and the Northeast were to once again lay claim to national leadership, he had to justify New England's previous history of sectionalism within a framework of nationalistic progression. If the government of the United States be the agent of the state governments, then they may control it, provided they can agree in the manner of controlling it; if it be the agent of the people, then the people alone can control it, restrain it, modify, or reform it. He accused them of a desire to check the growth of the West in the interests of protection. Sheidley, Harlow W. "The Wester-Hayne Debate: Recasting New England's Sectionalism", Virginia and Kentucky resolutions of 179899, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WebsterHayne_debate&oldid=1135315190, This page was last edited on 23 January 2023, at 22:54. Webster argued that the American people had created the Union to promote the good of the whole. . I distrust, therefore, sir, the policy of creating a great permanent national treasury, whether to be derived from public lands or from any other source. Are we yet at the mercy of state discretion, and state construction? The 1830 Webster-Hayne debate centered around the South Carolina nullification crisis of the late 1820s, but historians have largely ignored the sectional interests underpinning Webster's argument on behalf of Unionism and a transcendent nationalism. I must now beg to ask, sir, whence is this supposed right of the states derived?where do they find the power to interfere with the laws of the Union? We resolved to make the best of the situation in which Providence had placed us, and to fulfil the high trust which had developed upon us as the owners of slaves, in the only way in which such a trust could be fulfilled, without spreading misery and ruin throughout the land. . . I supposed, that on this point, no two gentlemen in the Senate could entertain different opinions. Why? Speech of Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, January 19, 1830. . . . At the time of the debate, Webster was serving his term as Senator of Massachusetts. . They switched from a. the tariff of 1828 to national power . Liberty has been to them the greatest of calamities, the heaviest of curses. The militia of the state will be called out to sustain the nullifying act. The purpose of the Constitution was to permit cooperation between states under a shared political standard, but that meant that any growth in a federal government threatened the sovereignty of the states. There was an end to all apprehension. It has always been regarded as a matter of domestic policy, left with the states themselves, and with which the federal government had nothing to do. The debate, which took place between January 19th and January 27th, 1830, encapsulated the major issues facing the newly founded United States in the 1820s and 1830s; the balance of power between the federal and state governments, the development of the democratic process, and the growing tension between Northern and Southern states. I feel like its a lifeline. . Hayne's First Speech (January 19, 1830) Webster's First Reply to Hayne (January 20, 1830) Hayne's Second Speech (January 21, 1830) Webster's Second Reply to Hayne (January 26-27, 1830) This page was last edited on 13 June 2021, at . It is to state, and to defend, what I conceive to be the true principles of the Constitution under which we are here assembled. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. There is not, and never has been, a disposition in the North to interfere with these interests of the South. . we find the most opposite and irreconcilable opinions between the two parties which I have before described. Broadside Advertisement for Runaway Slave, Forcing Slavery Down the Throat of a Free-Soiler, Free & Slave-holding States and Territories. Webster-Hayne debate - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia And who are its enemies? . Chris has a master's degree in history and teaches at the University of Northern Colorado. succeed. In all the efforts that have been made by South Carolina to resist the unconstitutional laws which Congress has extended over them, she has kept steadily in view the preservation of the Union, by the only means by which she believes it can be long preserveda firm, manly, and steady resistance against usurpation. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 Webster-Hayne debate - Wikipedia . Eloquence threw open the portals of eternal day. Religious Views: Letter to the Editor of the Illin Democratic Party Platform 1860 (Douglas Faction), (Northern) Democratic Party Platform Committee. . Drama, suspense, it's all there. Webster's second reply to Hayne, in January 1830, became a famous defense of the federal union: "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable." Just beneath the surface of this debate lay the elements of the developing sectional crisis between North and South. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Hayne and the South saw it as basically a treaty between sovereign states. Prejudice Not Natural: The American Colonization "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? The Union to be preserved, while it suits local and temporary purposes to preserve it; and to be sundered whenever it shall be found to thwart such purposes. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. I know that there are some persons in the part of the country from which the honorable member comes, who habitually speak of the Union in terms of indifference, or even of disparagement. Francis O. J. Smith to Secretary of State Dan Special Message to the House of Representatives, Special Message to Congress on Mexican Relations. We met it as a practical question of obligation and duty. Sir, if we are, then vain will be our attempt to maintain the Constitution under which we sit. Sir, we narrow-minded people of New England do not reason thus. The people of the United States have declared that this Constitution shall be the Supreme Law. He entered the Senate on that memorable day with a slow and stately step and took his seat as though unconscious of the loud buzz of expectant interest with which the crowded auditory greeted his appearance. . 1. emigration the movement of people from one place to another 2. immigration a situation in which resources are being used up at a faster rate than they can be replenished 3. migration the leaving of one's homeland to settle in a new place 4. overpopulation the movement of people to a new country 5. sustainable development a situation in which the birth rate is not sufficient to replace the . While the Union lasts, we have high, exciting, gratifying prospects spread out before us, for us and our children. . The War With Mexico: Speech in the United States H What Are the Colored People Doing for Themselves? MTEL Speech: Notable Debates & Speeches in U.S. History, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858: Summary & Significance, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, The Significance of Daniel Webster's Argument, MTEL Speech: Principles of Argument & Debate, MTEL Speech: Understanding Persuasive Communication, MTEL Speech: Public Argument in Democratic Societies. He was dressed with scrupulous care, in a blue coat with metal buttons, a buff vest rounding over his full abdomen, and his neck encircled with a white cravat. Foot calling for the temporary suspension of further land surveying until land already on the market was sold (to effectively stop the introduction of new lands onto the market). If an inquiry should ever be instituted in these matters, however, it will be found that the profits of the slave trade were not confined to the South. The speech is also known for the line Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable, which would subsequently become the state motto of North Dakota, appearing on the state seal. This will co-operate with the feelings of patriotism to induce a state to avoid any measures calculated to endanger that connection. U.S. Senate: The Most Famous Senate Speech Address to the People of the United States, by the What are the main points of difference between Webster and Hayne, especially on the question of the nature of the Union and the Constitution? They significantly declare, that it is time to calculate the value of the Union; and their aim seems to be to enumerate, and to magnify all the evils, real and imaginary, which the government under the Union produces. By the time it ended nine days later, the focus had shifted to the vastly more cosmic concerns of slavery and the nature of the federal Union. God grant that on my vision never may be opened what lies behind. Competing Conceptions of Union and Ordered Liberty in The Virginia Resolution asserted that when the federal government undertook the deliberate, palpable, and dangerous exercise of powers not granted to it in the constitution, states had the right and duty to interpose their authority to prevent this evil. During his first years in Congress, Webster railed against President James Madison 's war policies, invoking a states' rights argument to oppose a conscription bill that went down to defeat.. Explore the Webster-Hayne debate. Go to these cities now, and ask the question. Are we in that condition still? What interest, asks he, has South Carolina in a canal in Ohio? Sir, this very question is full of significance. This was the man to fire an aristocracy of fellow citizens ready to arm when their interests were in danger, and upon him, it devolved to advance the cause of South Carolina, break down the tariff, and fascinate the Union with the new rattlesnake theories. If the gentleman provokes the war, he shall have war. When the honorable member rose, in his first speech, I paid him the respect of attentive listening; and when he sat down, though surprised, and I must say even astonished, at some of his opinions, nothing was farther from my intention than to commence any personal warfare: and through the whole of the few remarks I made in answer, I avoided, studiously and carefully, everything which I thought possible to be construed into disrespect. TeachingAmericanHistory.org is a project of the Ashbrook Center at Ashland University, 401 College Avenue, Ashland, Ohio 44805 PHONE (419) 289-5411 TOLL FREE (877) 289-5411 EMAIL [emailprotected], The Congress Sends Twelve Amendments to the States, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 3rd Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 3rd Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 4th Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 4th Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 6th Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 6th Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 7th Debate Part I, National Disfranchisement of Colored People, William Lloyd Garrison to Thomas Shipley.
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