In Mark William Chavalas (ed.). Kassites. The cities of Ashkelon and Gezer were Philistine territory that werent fully conquered by Israel. Maps are essential for any serious Bible study. The archive originates, not from the temple, but from the palace of the governor (andabakku, Sumerian U.EN.NA) of Nippur (see Balkan, 1986, p. 8). The 9th year name of king Samsu-iluna (17491712 BC) of Babylon, the son of Hammurabi mentions them ie. Originally Published in 1962 Mesopotamian Motifs in the Early Chapters of Genesis By: E.A. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). 47, 100, 102 ff., 115 ff., 122). 17-22. 6969, Albrecht Goetze, "The Kassites and Near Eastern Chronology,", This page was last edited on 5 February 2023, at 22:04. Elamites and Assyrians attack Babylonia. Books K. Balkan, Kassitenstudien, 1: Die Sprache der Kassiten, American Oriental Series 37, New Haven, 1954. 1, pp. Idem, Forced laborers in the Middle Babylonian period, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 32, 1980, pp. "Kassitisch und Hurro-Urartisch. The correspondence is mainly concerned with diplomatic marriages. They include administrative and legal texts, letters, seal inscriptions, private votive inscriptions, and even a literary text (usually identified as a fragment of a historical epic). Kassite Art: Unfinished Kudurru (article) | Khan Academy 19, no. An Elamite, Kutir-Nahhunte, captures the last Kassite king, Enlil-nadin-ahi (1157 - 1155 B.C. Why Did The Samaritan Woman At The Well Have So Many Marriages? But a Bible verse got me back to reading the Bible again. Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. MOSAIC GLASS FROM HASANLU, MARLIK, AND TELL AL-RIMAH. Journal of Glass Studies, vol. Kassites are recorded in Nuzi during the 15th century BCE (see Brinkman, 1976-80, pp. The most advanced Bible dictionary as a part of Biblia Plus, which includes everything you need to take your Bible study to the next level. Five prominent individuals and several places in Inner Media had Kassite names. Babylonian Royal Land Grants, Memorials of Financial Interest, and Invocation of the Divine. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, vol. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/kassite/. The Kassites seem to be relatively new to the region, in view of the fact that they do not appear among the peoples who inhabited the central and southern Zagros according to Sargonic and Ur III sources. The Kassites first appeared during the reign of Samsu-iluna (1749-1712 BC), son of Hammurabi of the First Babylonian Dynasty and after being defeated by Babylon, moved to control the city-state of Mari. This temple was probably one of the most important institutions of Kassite Babylonia. Kings with Kassite names appeared on the middle Euphrates during the 17th century BCE. KASSITES, a people who probably originated in the Zagros and who ruled Babylonia in the 16th-12th centuries BCE. ("Year in which Samsu-iluna the king (defeated) the totality of the strength of the army / the troops of the Kassites"). 38, no. Their capital city was Dur-Kurigalzu. The Kassites abandoned their own culture after a couple of generations of dominance, allowing themselves to be absorbed into Babylonian civilization. Volume 1 Kardunia. What Are The Names of the Thieves Crucified With Christ. This capital, which was located in the far north of Babylonia, included a big palace and a temple with a high tower of the ziggurat type. It contained a number of palaces and also temples to many Babylonia gods including Enlil, Ninlil, and Ninurta. Kassite period, 14th century BCE. kassites in the bible. The Character of the Kassite rule in Babylonia (the chronology follows Boese, 1982; cf. A. Judges 6:3 | View whole chapter | See verse in context. 234-37; idem, 1984, pp. [28][29] A typical treaties include the EgyptianHittite peace treaty (c.1259 BC) and the treaty between the Kassite ruler Karaindash and the Assyrian ruler Ashur-bel-nisheshu (c. 1410 BC). For the mineral, see, Brinkman, J. Expedition Magazine - Penn Museum Kar-Duniash was the name given to ancient Babylon during the reign of the Kassite kings. Raphael Kutscher memorial volume, Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University, Occasional Publications 1, Tel Aviv, 1993, pp. 8, 1966, pp. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Christ's first name, Jesus, was Yeshua. This event saw the conquest of Babylon by the Achaemenid Empire under Cyrus the Great and marked the end of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. The Babylonian Empire under the Kassites, c. 13th century BC. and ruled the area for 576 years. J. Oelsner, Landvergabe im kassitischen Babylonien, in M. A. Dandamayev, I. Gershevitch, H. Klengel, G. Komorczy, M. T. Larsen, and J. N. Postgate, eds., Societies and Languages in the Ancient Near East: Studies in Honour of I.M. There is not a single connected text in the Kassite language. Diakonoff, Warminster, 1982, pp. The attempt of A. Ancillotti (1981) to demonstrate that Kassite is originally an Indo-Aryan language is not convincing. (1998, p. 83) advocate a lower chronology, thereby narrowing the gap between the end of the Old Babylonian period and, ca. The third people group is thought be Israel. Who Were the Assyrians in the Bible? - Synonym Already at that time they could purchase land and acted as officials, especially in horse breeding (Heinz, 1995, p. 167). Babylon - World History Encyclopedia Ancient Jerusalem - Interactive Study of Jerusalem with Map. 4 Where did the Hittites live in ancient Anatolia? Armstrong, James A. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Balkan (1968, p. 7) is of the opinion that between the king and the people there was a stratum of nobles, who mostly belonged to the royal family or the palace. The Middle Babylonian / Kassite Period (ca. 1595-1155 B.C.) in Their rule helped to shape many different aspects of the culture and religion was one major area where it was experienced the most. They had some distinct words for their language, but they borrowed most of their dialect from the Babylonian people. Iran 12.1 (1974): 99-124. Who were the Kassites in the Bible? - Wisdom-Advices The endonym of the Kassites was probably Galzu, although they have also been referred to by the names Kau, Kassi, Kasi or Kashi. Kassite traditions endured mostly in the private and familial spheres (see Heinz, 1995, p. 165). Though the map was inscribed long after the demise of Old Babylonia, archaeological evidence has proven it remarkably accurate in showing the . After the invasion of Tukulti-Ninurta I the Kassite rulers of Babylonia bore a mixture of Akkadian and Kassite names. Ghent, 1998. According to history, what we do know is that they first appeared as a military force in the time of Samsuiluna (1749-1712 BC), Hammurapi's successor, but that is all we know about them until the time that they established a dynasty in Babylonia, around 1595 BC. This proves that the early Kassite state was able to assign large resources for huge projects. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. D. R. Frayne, Old Babylonian Period(2003-1595 BC), The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia. This garden was cited as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World by the historian Herodotus. Amarna a-an-har-ra, a-an-ha-ar (from Mitanni and Alashia), Hittite a-an-ha-ra(-az), Egyptian ngr, Old Testament nr < *amara (Old Babylonian gentilic Samhar), presumably a Kassite tribe, gave its name to Babylonia while it was occupied by the Kassites (see Zadok, 1984; cf. The longest lasting of several Babylonian dynasties, the Kassites held the region between the Tigris and Euphrates in what is now Iraq for over 400 years. The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Civilization that Large Map of the Roman Empire in the Early First Century - Click around on the Places. 351-58. to 540 B.C. 20, 2010, pp. Ordu niversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstits Sosyal Bilimler A. Belmonte Marn, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der Texte aus Syrien im 2. Thank you! The Kassites were a warlike people that invaded Babylon during the 16th century B.C. First mentioned in Elamite texts of the late 3rd millennium bc, they penetrated into Mesopotamia in the 2nd millennium, The Kassites were very active at Ur. A. They even burn their sons and daughters in the fire as sacrifices to their gods. For a time in the early reign of Tukulti-Ninurta I Assyria gained ascendancy, until the Elamites under Kidin-Hutran III intervened. This governor seems to have enjoyed a special, apparently privileged, status among the other provincial governors (Sassmannshausen tends to compare his role to that of a chief minister of the state: Kanzler). v. Zeitschrift Fr Assyriologie & Vorderasiatische Archologie, 103(2), 183195. B. Landsberger, Assyrische Knigsliste und dunkles Zeitalter, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 8, 1954, pp. Mitanni; Kassites; Hittites; Egypt - GOD's WAR PLAN When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. 177-189, Krebernik, M., and Seidl, U. On the whole, it cannot be proven that the Kassites living in Babylonia had an essentially different social organization from that of the Babylonians (Sassmannshausen, 2001, p. 150). Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta I (1243 - 1207 B.C.) 10, 1980, pp. Ein Diskussionsbeitrag zu mglichen lexikalischen Isoglossen". of Pientka, Sptaltbabylonische Zeit, OLZ 95, 2000, pp. 131 f.). Cancik-Kirschbaum, 1996, no. The Hittite Empire and the Battle of Kadesh - Khan Academy Ran Zadok, "KASSITES,"Encyclopdia Iranica, online edition, 2015, available at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kassites (accessed on 13May2015). . Kassites eventually depose him, but damage has been done to the irrigation system. The ancient Near East: historical sources in translation. Bill T. Arnold. 88 f.). First Century Israel Map - "Archive und Bibliotheken in Babylon. While the term Kushite is generally understood as meaning black African, several places in the Bible refer to other locations as Kush, including Midian, the home of Moses' wife Zipporah. Idem, Elamites and Other Peoples from Iran and the Persian Gulf Region in Early Mesopotamian Sources, Iran 32, 1994, pp. 146-164, Brinkman, John Anthony. Twenty-fourth Dynasty of EgyptTefnakht Bakenranef, (Sargonid dynasty)Tiglath-Pileser Shalmaneser Marduk-apla-iddina II Sargon Sennacherib Marduk-zakir-shumi II Marduk-apla-iddina II Bel-ibni Ashur-nadin-shumi Nergal-ushezib Mushezib-Marduk Esarhaddon Ashurbanipal Ashur-etil-ilani Sinsharishkun Sin-shumu-lishir Ashur-uballit II, Seleucid Empire: Seleucus I Antiochus I Antiochus II Seleucus II Seleucus III Antiochus III Seleucus IV Antiochus IV Antiochus V Demetrius I Alexander III Demetrius II Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes. The Kassites were members of a small military aristocracy but were efficient rulers and locally popular, and their 500-year reign laid an essential groundwork for the development of subsequent Babylonian culture. A Guide to The Kassites left no cultural impact in Babylonia. Where is Ancient Babylon Located Today? - Answers Charpin, 1995). The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient - Amazon 11, No. Yanoam is made non-existent. 10 f., is cautious and allows for the alternative Ka-a-i-i Bi-ma-ti-i, thereby keeping Bimat apart from the Kassites). The Monumental Fall of Babylon: What Really Shattered the Empire Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. 55, No. Idem, rev. There is good reason for thinking that the Kassites were once neighbors of Indo-Europeans, in view of some affinities between their pantheon and the Indo-Aryan one (see Bloomfield, 1904; Balkan, 1986, p. 8; Eilers, 1957-58, p. 136 ad srya-). Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. MacGinnis, J. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. Museum, British. Babylonia under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties, edited by Susanne Paulus and Tim Clayden, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2020, pp. Brinkman, 1986). West of Edin: Tell al-Deylam and the Babylonian City of Dilbat The Biblical Archaeologist , Vol. J. Fincke, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der Nuzi-Texte, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 10, Wiesbaden, 1993. Kraus on the occasion of his seventieth birthday, Studia Francisci Scholten memoriae dicata 5, Leiden, 1982, pp. Tukulti-Ninurta of Assyria conquered Babylon in 1225 B.C., but the Kassites survived Assyrian pressure until twelfth-century wars with Elam finally resulted in the end of their suzerainty. Kassites. van Soldt Grammatical Irregularities in Middle Babylonian Texts and their Chronology 165 Helen Malko The Kassites of Babylonia: A Re-examination of an Ethnic Identity 177 Odette Boivin The Palace as Economic Production . These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. 2005. ), whose kings were native Babylonians. The Kassites (/ksats/) were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire c. 1531 BC and until c. 1155 BC (short chronology). Attractive design ideal for your home, office, church . Since the word Hebrew is a poor transliteration of the word Ivri (pronounced ihv`ree) it is a stretch to say that the word Apiru or Habiru is from the same source. Edens 1994, p. 213), the Kassite rulers reconstructed old cities in various parts of the country. The Kassites unified Mesopotamia into one culture centred around Babylon The HURRIANS c. 905-886 BC Also known as Hanigalbat, the Hurrians were Indo-Iranian warrior people who filled the vacuum left in central and northern Mesopotamia after the segregation and fall of their city kingdoms. The Kassites - Bible History The Kassites You are here: Home Ancient Babylonia Old Babylonian Period (2000 - 1595 BC) The Kassites Just exactly who The Kassites were, and anything about their origins and history, is very obscure. Idem, rev. The first-millennium Babylonian King Lists assign the Kassite dynasty the longest rule of all the other dynasties who ruled Babylonia: 36 kings who ruled for 576 years and nine months. What Is The Eye Of The Needle (Matthew 19:23-24 / Mark 10:25)? bukaum), who received envoys of the king of Halaba (very probably Aleppo) in his encampment, was perhaps a contemporary of Samsiluna (see Podany, 2002, p. 49). However, it should be remembered that there are many fewer texts from other parts of the Kassite state. Their empire, which lasted from the 20th to the seventh centuries B.C., was centered on the cities of Assur, Nineveh and Arbela in what is now northern Iraq. When and how did the Twelve Apostles die? As semi-nomads the Kassites were organized in family and tribal units. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". But, dont take my word for all of that. The canal Habur-ibal-buga (see Balkan, 1954, p. 104) is recorded in a document from Terqa which is dated to King Hammurapih (perhaps 16th century BCE, i.e., at the beginning of the Middle Babylonian period; see Podany, 2002, pp. At least three toponyms in Mannea, another three in Gizilbunda, and one in eastern Media are explicable in Kassite terms. [12] Several tablets dated to the reign of Agum III were found at the Dilmun site of Qal'at al-Bahrain. 283304, Armstrong, James A.. "15. Several individuals with Kassite names are recorded in the prism of Tunip-Teup from Tikunani (ca. ), in O. Lipschits and J. Blenkinsopp, eds., Judah and Judeans in the Neo-Babylonian Period, Winona Lake, 2003, pp. Stone Records From The Kassite Dynasty In Babylonia - Ancient Pages According to other ancient texts found concerning the Habiru, they were found to live all along the fertile crescent in the 2nd millennium BCE. Babylonia under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties, edited by Susanne Paulus and Tim Clayden, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2020, pp. They gained control of Babylonia after the Hittite sack of Babylon in 1531 BC, and established a dynasty generally assumed to have been based first in that city, after a hiatus. Idem, Sex, Age and Physical Condition Designations for Servile Laborers in the Middle Babylonian Period, in G. van Driel, T. J. H. Krispijn, M. Stol, and K. R. Veenhof, eds., Zikir umim: Assyriological Studies Presented to F.R. 409-24. They are recorded as weavers and other textile workers, but are underrepresented in most of the other handicrafts (Sassmannshausen, 2001, p. xv). 17385, Schneider, Bernhard. I read the Bible four times as a child I thought I believed different from everyone else. Both sectors were based on the redistributive principle characteristic of Mesopotamian household organization (see Edens, 1994, p. 211). She was the pharaohs daughter that pulled Moses from the water. [31] The most notable of these efforts was the construction of a new city, Dur-Kuirgalzu. The Amarna letters, which were mostly written in the early to mid-13th century BCE, capture communication back and forth from Egyptian Ruler Amenophis III and his various loyal vassal-governors in the land of Canaan. However, I dont think that Ahmose IIs stele tells the story. Richardson (2002, p. 347) is of the opinion that the fortresses were forerunners of the later Kassite feudal communities. Volume 1 Kardunia. 1 The Assyrian Empire. There is a striking parallel in the #287 and #290 Amarna letters referring to Abdi-Heba of Jerusalem. of M. Salvini, The Habiru Prism of King Tunip-Teup of Tikunani, Documenta Asiana: Collana di Studi sullAnatolia e lAsia Anteriore antica diretta da Mirjo Salvini 3, Rome, 1996, Archiv fr Orientforschung 46/47, 1999-2000, pp. of Balkan, Kassitenstudien, Archiv fr Orientforschung 18,1957-58, pp. A culture that rules babylonia from the 16th and 12th centuries BC. The Interpreter's Commentary on the Bible p. 5. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Gasche et al. 42-122, 2022, Buchanan, Briggs. Idem, Kossaioi, in Pauly-Wissowa, RE 22, 1922, pp. Several Kassite tribes and clans bore Akkadian and atypical names (Sassmannshausen, 2001, pp. 2. (2011, August 03). J. 257 ff. Please support World History Encyclopedia. Babylon under Kassite rulers, who renamed the city Karanduniash, re-emerged as a political and military power in Mesopotamia. Leiden: BRILL. . [22] After the Kassite dynasty was overthrown in 1155 BC, the system of provincial administration continued and the country remained united under the succeeding rule, the Second Dynasty of Isin.[23]. 492-507, Brinkman, J. NON-IRANIAN LANGUAGES (5) KASSITE. Iggy, your theory is not an uncommon one. World History Encyclopedia. The mosaic glass beakers are thought to have been heirlooms, possibly for ritual use the find spot being a temple. They include red, black and brown Nubians, pre-dynastic lower Nilotes, and the Ainu/Annu. Other ceramic goods, such as traps for small animals and vessels commonly thought to be fruit stands were found also. The sixth letter is the last and most severe letter and the Abdi-zedek begs once again for military help by means of archers from Egypt. Dilmun (modern Bahrain) in the Persian Gulf was ruled by a Kassite governor. 14155, Hjlund, Flemming. Idem, Kassiten, RlA 5, 1976-1980, pp. 65, no. 71 ff.) Chapter 2 Quiz Flashcards | Quizlet [6] As was typical in the region, there was some cross pollination with other religions. Schneider, Thomas (2003). Literature that falls in the category of mythical will not be covered even though there is a large amount of biblical and Akkadian literature that refers to the same events, such as creation and flood events. There is a radical change of the administrative terminology. 464-73. The Mosaic Glass Vessels from Hasanlu, Iran: A Study in Large-Scale Stylistic Trait Distribution The Art Bulletin , Vol. Archaeologists divide it into three periods, Early Kassite (pre c. 1415 BC), Middle Kassite (c 1415 BC - 1225 BC), and Late Kassite (c. 1225 BC - 1155 BC). The date and the exact conditions of this seizure of power are unknown to us, the first decades of the Kassite dynasty being unknown to us. 421-436. Their Akkadian name Ka originates from a Kassite form *G/Kal- (cf. The Kassite (or presumably such) clans are Bimat (including the houses [h] of Nanakt) and possibly the Samhar (De Graef, 1998, pp.
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